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Johns Hopkins Symptoms and Remedies

Johns Hopkins Medicine

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Appendicitis, Acute

What is it?

Acute appendicitis is inflammation of the appendix, the narrow, finger-shaped organ that branches off the first part of the large intestine on the right side of the abdomen. Although the appendix is a vestigial organ with no known function, it can become diseased. In fact, acute appendicitis is the most common reason for abdominal surgery in the world. If it is not treated promptly, there is the chance that the inflamed appendix will burst, spilling fecal material into the abdominal cavity. The usual result is a potentially life-threatening infection (peritonitis), but the infection may become sealed off and form an abscess. Appendicitis is uncommon among older people, and symptoms are generally mild, so that diagnosis of the acute episode is often not made. Members of this age group are thus at greater risk for rupture with peritonitis or abscess formation.

What Causes It?

  • Appendicitis is usually caused by a bacterial infection, although the reason the appendix becomes infected is unknown.
  • The appendix may become obstructed by a lump of feces or tumors, leading to inflammation and infection.

Prevention

  • There are no specific preventive measures. Contrary to popular belief, swallowing seeds from fruit does not precipitate appendicitis.

Diagnosis

  • Physical examination is necessary to rule out other disorders that produce symptoms similar to those of appendicitis.
  • A rectal examination may be performed.
  • Blood and urine samples will be taken for analysis.
  • CT (computed tomography) scan or an abdominal x-ray may be necessary.

How to Treat It

  • Call your doctor immediately. If you are unsure of your symptoms, take your temperature every two hours and keep a record for your doctor.
  • The appendix must be removed (appendectomy) either through a small incision or with a special instrument (laparoscope). Surgery should not be delayed more than a few hours.
  • If an abscess has formed, your doctor may drain it and prescribe antibiotics. Appendectomy may be scheduled for a later date.

When to Call a Doctor

  • Call a doctor immediately if you experience symptoms that may indicate appendicitis.